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說|如何科學(xué)客觀的攻下托福聽力這個(gè)大難關(guān)？

    眾所周知，托福是一項(xiàng)學(xué)術(shù)性比較強(qiáng)的，尤其是聽力，對于一般的學(xué)生而言都有一定的難度。有的學(xué)生甚至聽而生畏，做完整套聽力題就開始質(zhì)疑人生，覺得自己聽不懂，不會(huì)做題，從而喪失聽力的信心。然而，托福聽力并非無跡可尋。那么如何科學(xué)客觀的攻下托福聽力這個(gè)大難關(guān)呢？除了平時(shí)虛心踏實(shí)的練習(xí)，扎實(shí)基礎(chǔ)之外，我們說還要注意一定的聽力方法，即學(xué)會(huì)抓，把握文章的框架及框架中的詞。今天，我們就來說說詞中常出現(xiàn)的一點(diǎn)——強(qiáng)調(diào)。

    強(qiáng)調(diào)遍布聽力之中，這也是我們要學(xué)會(huì)去把握的一個(gè)，該可以出細(xì)節(jié)題，態(tài)度題，功能題等多種題型，故而十分重要。強(qiáng)調(diào)可以分成5種類型，特別詞強(qiáng)調(diào)，語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)，重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)，詞強(qiáng)調(diào)及提問式強(qiáng)調(diào)。下面我們來看看它們的具體特點(diǎn)以及在聽力中如何呈現(xiàn)。

1

 特別詞強(qiáng)調(diào)

    1、形式：文中出現(xiàn)especially, interestingly,  and again, I mean ,you know,

    one thing I want to metion is that```,  make sure/be sure``, ```is important```,  key ```

    remember```等詞時(shí)往往為出題。

    2、練一練：

    聽力原文（T11L4）：You have an advertising budget to spend, but how do you to spend it wisely. Again, research is the key.

    例題： 

    (32) In the example about sports equipment, what does the professor imply about spending money on advertising?

    ● A. It is most effective just before holidays when people give gifts

    ● B. It may require quick decision making

    ● C. It is a waste, since many consumers select products based on their previous experiences

    ● D. It is better guided by good research than by good theories、

    3、解析：聽到該點(diǎn)時(shí)我們知道文章講到了money這一層，然后聽到 again，key 等特別詞時(shí)知道該點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)了research，筆記記錄research，結(jié)合后文例子，選出該題答案為較后一個(gè)選項(xiàng)，突出research的重要性。

2

語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)

    1、形式：聲音重讀，語調(diào)拉長，語氣與正常說話不同。

    2、練一練：

    聽力原文（T16L2）： Now artistically for both composers and performers this was a major turning point. This brand new instrument, capable of producing loud and soft tones, greatly expanded the possibilities for conveying emotion.

例題： 

    (15) According to the professor, why did the piano become more popular than the harpsichord?

    A.Piano music was easier to compose than harpsichord music.

    B.Piano music was better for accompanying the popular new dances of the 1700s.

    C.The piano had a more attractive size and shape than the harpsichord.

    D.The piano could express a wider range of emotions than the harpsichord.

    3、解析：聽到該點(diǎn)時(shí)文章講到了鋼琴的優(yōu)點(diǎn)這一層，我們聽的時(shí)候發(fā)現(xiàn)教授對于emotion這個(gè)詞拉長音進(jìn)行了語氣強(qiáng)調(diào)，故而emotion是我們記錄的。針對該，考官出了一道細(xì)節(jié)題。

3

重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)

    1、形式：文章出的詞重復(fù)說明，針對該情況，即便是小細(xì)節(jié)也可以出題

    2、練一練：

    聽力原文（T13C2）：

    Manager: Well, rooms are usually full read after dinner time, but you can sign up the day before to reserve the room if you are.

    Student: Err...the day before....

    例題： 

    (3) When can students reserve a room in the language lab?  

    A. When they arrive at the lab

    B. After their professor signs a certain form

    C. When all the members of a study group hove signed in

    D. The day before they want to use room

    3、解析：該點(diǎn)聽到非常清晰，教授與學(xué)生過程中重復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了 the day before，是我們記錄的。

4

詞與級(jí)別詞強(qiáng)調(diào)

    1、形式：較，比較級(jí)，序數(shù)詞及表意義的詞等，如：most, first, only```

    2、練一練：

    聽力原文（T11L1）：

    Now what’s interesting is that birds have different levels of performance of these distraction displays. They don’t give their top performance, their prime time performance every time. What they do is they save their best performances their most conspicuous and most risky displays for the time just before the baby birds become able to take care of themselves.

    例題： 

    (8) According to the lecture,when do birds put on theirmost conspicuous distraction displays?

    ● Just before they lay their eggs

    ● Immediately after they have laid their eggs

    ●Just before their young become independent

    ● Immediately after young have left the nest

    3、解析：在聽原文的過程中，我們先聽到了特別詞強(qiáng)調(diào)what’s interesting is that從而知道該處要引起重視，是個(gè)，然后聽到most conspicuous 該詞時(shí)再次用了較強(qiáng)調(diào)，故而該處出了一道細(xì)節(jié)題。

5

提問式強(qiáng)調(diào)

    1、形式：老師以自問自答的形式或者互動(dòng)的形式引出。

    2、練一練：

    （1）聽力原文（T16L4）：

    You’ve heard of Tiffany lamp shades right? These of course took advantage of the new innovation of electric lighting.

    例題： 

    (16) What does the professor imply contributed to the popularity of Tiffany glass?

    A. The use of lead compounds to enhance its colors.

    B. The reuse of stained glass from old church windows.

    C. The invention of electric lighting.

    D. A new process for painting glass.

    解析：該點(diǎn)為自問自答形式，聽到該點(diǎn)時(shí)教授用了提問的形式強(qiáng)調(diào)引出Tiffany lamp shades，從而強(qiáng)調(diào)它的盛行得益于電燈的發(fā)明。針對該點(diǎn)，考官除了一題推理題。

    (2)聽力原文（T16L1）：

    Student: Gypsum, right?

    Professor: Yep, you’ll find lots of gypsum deposited at Lechuguilla. And, as we know, gypsum is soluble in water. So if there were flowing water in the cave, it would dissolve the gypsum. This is part of what led us to the realization that Lechuguilla is in that small group ofwaterless caves. 

    例題： 

    (9) What does the presence of gypsum in Lechuguilla Cave indicate?

    ● A. The cave was not formed by flowing water.

    ● B. The cave is no longer forming.

    ● C. Bacteria are present in high concentrations inside the cave.

    ● D. No type of acid was involved in the formation of the cave.

    解析：該點(diǎn)為互動(dòng)形式，教授引導(dǎo)學(xué)生說出了Gypsum，然后對Gypsum進(jìn)行了解釋說明。

    以上個(gè)別例子都是詞強(qiáng)調(diào)在題目中的呈現(xiàn)，強(qiáng)調(diào)考得比較多，同時(shí)也比較好把握，希望同學(xué)能好好領(lǐng)會(huì)并學(xué)會(huì)應(yīng)用。

    總而言之，托福聽力并非無跡可尋，很多時(shí)候它就像是一場勝者為王，敗者為寇的心理戰(zhàn)?？忌贸鍪愕臍鈩輵?zhàn)勝它，在不斷加強(qiáng)基本功，聽力能力的同時(shí)，掌握科學(xué)的聽力方法，化被動(dòng)為主動(dòng)，主動(dòng)聽取我們所需的和信息，相信一定能攻下這個(gè)難關(guān)。